I know a few examples of people in the enjoying as much western as eastern music which by todays standards is way too broad diversity ; like 18th's century Vienna or early 20th's century Smyrna.
People just didn't care about genre. And I know for sure my grandparents enjoyed equally Operetta and greek folk songs. Because they could not sing in a foreign language :.
Was it divided in to genres as we do today, or was it simply categorized by the type of instruments used, or just "concert music". We can look back at history in general, in so far as no man living during the Middle Ages would say he was living in "the Middle Ages" in a conversation.
I am confident the secular citizens of the time were aware they were in the middle of something - Rome had just collapsed, and a couple of false starts occurred, such as the Carolingian time, but they did not mature. In short, categories and labels are only inventions of today applying to the past. And label can be false - "classical" strictly refers to ancient Greece and Rome, while the music of the Enlightenment had nothing to do with antiquity values.
The same is true for music - any music is contemporary during its time, much like pop music is contemporary to us today. There was no notion of "classical music" back then, because the majority of the music there was fell into one category. However, there were genres, such as concerto and sonata. However, what constitutes a genre varied over time.
The criteria for a piece to be a nocturne in pre-John Field decades differed from those during Field's own times, to be later "challenged" by Chopin, so on and so forth. The late Romantics, e. Richard Strauss and Gustav Mahler, favored colossal orchestration and by that reinvented much of what Beethoven had known of a symphony.
Towards the 20th century, however, you start seeing composers more or less aware of stylistic development preceding theirs. For example, Prokofiev wrote the Classical capital C symphony and he was aware of the label, but strictly speaking its style is neo-classical , while Stravinsky was writing in a neo-Bachian manner.
While those compositions were largely experimental in nature, there were others that were more utilitarian. Some composers utilized musical categorization in an attempt to legitimize, say, their own countries. Keep in mind this was during the time of Nationalism.
Italy needed a sense of Italian, so Respighi provided a surge by going back to mythic Italian past in pieces such as "The Pines of Rome. Classical music is not a genre. It is a "catch-all" term used to lump together a very broad number of genres across a number of different cultures across many centuries. There is certainly much more than one style of music involved in such a vast period of time and across a vast range of cultures and peoples. In contrast, when we refer to a contemporary genre such as "rock music", we are referring to a particular and very narrowly-defined style of music made mostly by musicians in the United States of America and England from about up until the present day, and chiefly by ethnically white musicians who speak and write lyrics in English.
This is a tiny, brief genre compared to the entire history of all music. Many music historians do not like to use the term "classical music", and there are many other ideas about how this music should be described. My preferred term is "traditional music". When most people use the term "classical music" they are referring to all the "traditional" music made in all the countries in Western Europe since the dawn of civilization, in every nation and in every language.
Furthermore in recent centuries the great powers of Western Europe conquered and colonized the rest of the world, spreading their music culture with them. So there has been classical music written in places like Mexico and the USA and Argentina which are derived from Western European forms.
These styles developed virtually completely independently from Western music, and vice-versa. This is why we don't include indigenous music from these cultures when we talk about "Western classical music". This is not to imply that music from these non-Western cultures is in any way inferior.
These musics have their own kinds of sophistication and virtuosity. But these musics are so different in character that we don't fit them into a discussion of what we call "Western classical". Within the "Western classical" tradition, we do, however, make a distinction between "classical" and "folk" music. The distinction is chiefly economic along with being artistic.
Historically, "classical" music is music that is supported by patronage. The music is created when wealthy people, churches, governments or corporations hire composers and musicians and pay them to create their music. They make "music of the folk" which tends to be less formally-organized, and handed down from generation to generation in more of an oral tradition, not written down in fixed form.
In the 20th century a third kind of music came about: "commercial" music. Commercial music is music that attempts to earn its own income without patronage, from selling things like recordings and sheet music, or getting paid royalties for having recordings played on radio or television or used in motion pictures.
Of course this did not happen until the 20th century because before that time there were no recordings, radio, television or motion pictures, no iPods, no Internet. Of course during the period of "commercial music", or better put, "the music industry" there continues to be "classical" and "folk" music being created. But when music and musicians enter the "music industry" their music tends to become less "classical" or "folk" and more "commercial" in character.
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